The percentage of Republicans calling themselves conservative has increased, rising 15 points since This occurred in two phases:. True to their non-partisan stance, the plurality of independents has consistently described their overall political views as moderate. The remainder have been more likely to identify as conservative than liberal, although conservatives' edge with this group has been shrinking in recent years and is now just six points -- it was 17 points at its widest in Among all major demographic and political categories of Americans, partisan affiliation is by far the strongest correlate with political ideology.
The gap between conservatives and liberals is widest among Republicans, with a point gap in favor of conservatives. This is followed by a point gap in favor of liberals among Democrats.
Other societal groups with strong conservative leanings include seniors and adults aged 50 to 64, men, residents of the South and adults with no college education. All of these groups lean conservative by more than 15 percentage points; whites, adults with some college education but no degree and residents of the Midwest lean conservative by at least 10 points. Aside from Democrats, only two groups show strong liberal tendencies: adults with postgraduate education 15 points more liberal than conservative and blacks nine points more liberal.
However, given the relatively low rate of liberalism nationally, it is notable that adults aged 18 to 29, 30 to 49 lean more liberal than conservative by four points, and adults aged 30 to 49, women, and residents of the East lean marginally more liberal. Political ideology varies little by household income, with all three major income groups expressing views near the national average.
However, given the generational patterns, with young adults tilting liberal and senior citizens skewing conservative, this is more likely to represent a brief pause in the ideological shift underway rather than a steadying. That, of course, assumes today's young adults are still relatively liberal by the time they are seniors, which remains to be seen.
Learn more about how the Gallup Poll Social Series works. The latest results are based on combined interviews from three Gallup polls in May and June encompassing telephone interviews with a random sample of 3, adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U. All reported margins of sampling error include computed design effects for weighting. Landline and cellular telephone numbers are selected using random-digit-dial methods. Explore insights for leaders looking to prepare their teams for the future of work.
Subscribe to the Gallup News brief and real time alerts. Stay up to date with our latest insights. Americans' party preferences have shifted dramatically this year, from a two-point Republican advantage in January to an point Democratic edge in June. As COVID cases surged across the Sun Belt and other hot spots around the country, support for Republican governors' handling of the crisis fell in their own states, particularly among independents.
Nearly half of U. Get the short version of Gallup's latest research on the coronavirus in this frequently updated summary, including links to all prior content.
Republicans are divided on some principles long associated with the GOP: an affinity for businesses and corporations, support for low taxes and opposition to abortion. Democrats face substantial internal differences as well — some that are long-standing, such as on the importance of religion in society, others more recent. For example, while Democrats widely share the goal of combating racial inequality in the United States, they differ on whether systemic change is required to achieve that goal.
These intraparty disagreements present multiple challenges for both parties: They complicate the already difficult task of governing in a divided nation. In addition, to succeed politically, the parties must maintain the loyalty of highly politically engaged, more ideological voters, while also attracting support among less engaged voters — many of them younger — with weaker partisan ties. It segments the public into nine distinct groups, based on an analysis of their attitudes and values.
The study is primarily based on a survey of 10, adults conducted July , ; it also draws from several additional interviews with these respondents conducted since January For complete descriptions of all nine typology groups see Chapters ; for profiles of the Democratic and Republican coalitions see Chapters 1 and 2 of this report.
They include two very different groups of liberal Democrats: Progressive Left and Establishment Liberals. Progressive Left, the only majority White, non-Hispanic group of Democrats, have very liberal views on virtually every issue and support far-reaching changes to address racial injustice and expand the social safety net.
Establishment Liberals, while just as liberal in many ways as Progressive Left, are far less persuaded of the need for sweeping change. Two other Democratic-aligned groups could not be more different from each other, both demographically and in their relationship to the party. Democratic Mainstays , the largest Democratic-oriented group, as well as the oldest on average, are unshakeable Democratic loyalists and have a moderate tilt on some issues.
Outsider Left , the youngest typology group, voted overwhelmingly for Joe Biden a year ago and are very liberal in most of their views, but they are deeply frustrated with the political system — including the Democratic Party and its leaders. Populist Right , who have less formal education than most other typology groups and are among the most likely to live in rural areas, are highly critical of both immigrants and major U.
Ambivalent Right , the youngest and least conservative GOP-aligned group, hold conservative views about the size of government, the economic system and issues of race and gender. But they are the only group on the political right in which majorities favor legal abortion and say marijuana should be legal for recreational and medical use. They are also distinct in their views about Donald Trump — while a majority voted for him in , most say they would prefer he not continue to be a major political figure.
The only typology group without a clear partisan orientation — Stressed Sideliners — also is the group with the lowest level of political engagement. Racial injustice remains a dividing line in U. Perhaps no issue is more divisive than racial injustice in the U.
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