It's estimated that as many as 3 of every 4 menstruating women have experienced some form of premenstrual syndrome. Symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern. But the physical and emotional changes you experience with premenstrual syndrome may vary from just slightly noticeable all the way to intense. Still, you don't have to let these problems control your life. Treatments and lifestyle adjustments can help you reduce or manage the signs and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
The list of potential signs and symptoms for premenstrual syndrome is long, but most women only experience a few of these problems. For some, the physical pain and emotional stress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. Regardless of symptom severity, the signs and symptoms generally disappear within four days after the start of the menstrual period for most women. But a small number of women with premenstrual syndrome have disabling symptoms every month. PMDD signs and symptoms include depression, mood swings, anger, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, difficulty concentrating, irritability and tension.
If you haven't been able to manage your premenstrual syndrome with lifestyle changes and the symptoms of PMS are affecting your health and daily activities, see your doctor. Exactly what causes premenstrual syndrome is unknown, but several factors may contribute to the condition:. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Overview Premenstrual syndrome PMS has a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability and depression. Also it is a common time for a woman to experience stress in her life, for example as children leave home and ageing parents become more dependent. Hormone replacement therapy HRT can be used to treat symptoms due to the menopause and has a variable effect on symptoms experienced as part of premenstrual syndrome, which can occur during the perimenopausal period.
Premenstrual syndrome should resolve when the woman has passed her menopause as the woman no longer has a menstrual cycle with the associated cyclic release of steroid hormones from the ovary. Likewise, during pregnancy there will be no cyclical symptoms.
However, women may experience similar symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness and mood swings during pregnancy as levels of progesterone are high. About Contact Events News. Search Search. You and Your Hormones. Students Teachers Patients Browse.
Human body. Home Endocrine conditions Premenstrual syndrome. Premenstrual syndrome Premenstrual syndrome PMS is a condition that affects women during the days leading up to her monthly period; it can cause distressing physical and emotional symptoms. Premature ovarian failure.
Primary hyperaldosteronism. Related Glands. Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Ovaries View all Glands. Related Endocrine Conditions. Menopause View all Endocrine conditions. Related Hormones. Incorrect theories about the causes of PMS have included oestrogen excess, progestogen deficiency, vitamin B6 deficiency, abnormal glucose metabolism and electrolyte imbalances. Between 3 and 8 per cent of menstruating women suffer from seriously debilitating PMS, which is sometimes known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD.
There are no specific diagnostic tests for PMS, as hormone levels are within the normal range. Diagnosis relies on an examination of your medical history and a description of the symptoms. In most cases, it is recommended that you keep a daily symptoms diary to help identify whether you have PMS. Include the details of your menstrual cycle — for example, the first and last days of your menstrual period.
Keep this daily diary for at least two menstrual cycles. Consult with your doctor or healthcare professional during this trial period. If you experience PMS symptoms you may crave high-fat and high-sugar foods like chocolate, biscuits and ice cream, which can cause weight gain.
You can manage your weight and help reduce your PMS symptoms by making a few dietary changes. You might like to try:. There are different types of medications and hormone treatments available to help you manage your symptoms. Many women feel they benefit from a variety of other therapies, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, and complementary therapies. If you would like to use complementary therapies, it is important to seek advice from a qualified professional. Let your doctor know about any herbal or complementary therapies you are using.
Complementary therapies should be viewed as a medicine and treated with the same respect. Complementary therapies that can help reduce PMS symptoms include calcium, vitamin D and vitex agnus-castus. Many herbal or complementary medicines can have side effects.
Make sure you are well informed about them before you and your doctor decide on your treatment. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Androgen deficiency in women and its treatment is controversial, and more research is needed. IVF in-vitro-fertilization and ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection are assisted reproductive treatment ART procedures in which fertilisation of an egg occurs outside the body.
Bacterial vaginosis BV is caused by an imbalance of the bacteria normally present in the vagina.
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